Taimakon Farko: Magunguna

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Taimakon farko

 

Taimakon farko

• Antibiotics
• Magungunan kariyar cutar tetanus
• Magungunan cizon dabbobi
• Magungunan ƙuna
• Magungunan alaji ko ƙaiƙayi: antihistamines
• Magungunan ciwon zuciya
• Magungunan guba
• Magungunan radadi (ko zogi)
• Magungunan kashe wuri
• Magungunan hana damuwa

Antibiotics

Antibiotics magunguna ne dake hana kamuwa da cutar da bacteria suke kawowa. Basa taimakawa wurin yaƙar cututtukan da virus suke kawowa, kamar su ƙyanda, rubella da mura. Ba kowanne antibiotic bane yake iya yaƙar dukkan cututtukan da bacteria suke kawowa.

Antibiotic ɗin da suka yi tarayya a wurin irin sanadaran da suke ɗauke da suna dangi ɗaya. Yana da kyau a san dangogin antibiotics saboda dalilai guda biyu:

1. Duk antibiotic da suke dangi ɗaya sau dayawa suna iya warkar da matsaloli iri ɗaya. Wanna yana nuna zaka iya amfani da magunguna mabanbanta daga dangi ɗaya.
2. Idan ka sami alaji saboda amfani da wani magani daga cikin wani dangi na antibiotic, to zaka iya kamuwa da alaji saboda amfani da sauran magungunan dake cikin wannan dangin. Wannan ba wai yana nuna zaka yi amfani da wani maganin ba ne kaɗai, a’a sai dai kayi amfani da wani maganin daga wani dangin.

Dole ne ayi amfani da antibiotic iya adadin da aka ƙayyade. Tsayawa kafin a kammala ƙa’idar ranakun da aka bayar na maganin, koda kuwa anji sauƙi, zai iya sa cutar ta dawo a wani nau’i wanda zai yi wahalar a tsayar da ita.

Dangin penicillins

Magunguna dangin penicillin suna daga cikin mafiya amfani a antibiotics. Penicillins suna iya faɗa da cututtuka masu yawa, wanda ya haɗa da waɗanda suke kawo ɗiwa.

Ana auna penicillin ne a milligrams (mg) ko kuma units (U). Ga nau’in penicilin G, 250mg=400,000U.

Ga mafiyawancin mutane, penicillin yana ɗaya daga cikin magunguna marasa hatsari. Amfani da sama da yadda aka iyakance asarar kuɗi ne kawai ba dole ne ya cutar da mutum ba.

Gardama ga penicillin

Waɗansu cututtuka sun zamo masu gardama ga penicillin. Wannan na nufin a da penicillin yana iya warkar da me ɗauke da su, amma yanzu baya aiki. Idan cuta bata girgiza saboda amfani da gamagarin penicillin, to a gwada wani nau’in na penicillin ko kuma wani antibiotic daga wani dangin. Misali, cutar pneumonia wani lokacin tana gardama ga penicillin. To sai a gwada amfani da cotrimoxazole ko kuma erythromycin.

A lura
Ga dukkan nau’ukan penicillin (harda ampicillin dakuma amoxicillin) Waɗansu mutunen suna da cutar alaji na amfani da penicillin. Sassauƙan alaji yana haifar da ƙuraje. Saudayawa wannan yana faruwa ne bayan sa’o’i ko kwanaki da amfani da penicillin kuma zai iya tabbata har tsahon ‘yan kwanaki. Idan haka ta faru, sai a daina amfani da penicillin ɗin nan take. Antihistamines yana taimakawa wurin maganin ƙaiƙayin. Ɓacin ciki da gudawa saboda shan penicillin ba alamomi ba ne na alaji, rashin jin daɗi na ɗan wani lokaci, ba dalili ba ne da zaisa ka daina amfani da shi.

Yana da wuya penicillin ya haifar da wani alaji da ake kira da allergic shock (alaji me sa girgiza). Bayan ‘yan mintina ko sa’o’i da yin amfani da penicillin, sai mutum launinsa yayi jaja-jaja maƙogwaro da leɓɓa su kumbura, ya kuma sami matsalar numfashi, ya ji kamar zai suma,sannan ya fara girgiza. Wannan hatsarine babba. Nan take sai ayi allurar Epnephrine (adrenalin). Ka kasance kullun kana da allurar epinephrine a cikin shiri idan zakayi allurar penicillin.

Idan mutum ya taɓa samun alaji saboda amfani da penicillin, to kada a sake a bashi duk wani nau’i na penicillin-kamar ampicillin, amoxicillin ko sauran ta hanyar allura ko baka. Za’a yi hakan ne saboda duk lokacin da alaji ya sake faruwa, zai zamo matsananci, kuma wataƙila ma ya kashe shi. Mutanen da suke da alaji da penicillin za su iya amfani da waɗansu antibiotic ɗin a maimakonsa.

Allurai

Saudayawa penicillin yafi aiki idan aka bada shi ta baka. Nau’ukan allurar penicillin suna iya kasance wa masu hatsari. Sun fi damar kawo alaji dakuma sauran matsaloli, sabodahaka, ayi amfani da su da kulawa. Ayi amfani da allurar penicillin ga matsananta ko kuma cututtuka masu hatsari.

Ampicillin da amoxicillin

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Ampicillin da amoxicillin nau’ukan penicillin ne masu faɗin aiki, wannan na nufin suna iya kashe nau’ukan bacteria masu tarin yawa. Su biyun ana iya sauya ɗaya-da-ɗaya. Idan kaga anci ayi amfani da ampicillin a wannan littafin, to sauda yawa zaka iya amfani da amoxicillin a maimakon sa, dai-dai ka’idar da aka bayar.

Ampicillin da amoxicillin basu da hatsari kuma saudayawa akan yi amfani da su ga jarirai da ƙananan yara.

Illolin (sa)
Dukkanin waɗannan magungunan, musamman ma ampicillin, suna iya haifar da jin ammai dakuma gudawa. A guje bada su ga mutanen dake da gudawa idan har za’a iya bada wani nau’in na antibiotic a maimako.

Wata gamagarin illar kuma itace ƙuraje. Amma wani kumburi dake fitowa ya ɓace bayan ‘yan sa’o’i zai iya kasancewa alamar alaji ta penicillin. Sabodahaka, a tsaida bada maganin nan take, kuma kada a sake bawa mutumin penicillin. Alajin da zai faru a nan gaba sai yafi tsanani dakuma barazana ga rayuwa. Idan an sami wasu matsalolin, za’a iya amfani da erythromycin maimakon sa. Ƙurji mai faɗi wanda yayi kama da ƙyanda, kuma saudayawa yana fitowa bayan sati ɗaya da fara bada maganin,kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki kafin ya warke, ba dole ba ne ya kasance alaji. Kuma zai yi wahala a san tabbas ko ƙurjin na alaji ne ko kuma a’a, sabodahaka zai fi kyau a tsaida amfani da maganin.

A lura
Gardama ga ampicillin dakuma amoxicillin tana dada karuwa. Ya dogara da inda kake da zama, ba dole ba ne suyi aiki akan cututtukan staphylococcus, shigella ko kuma wasu.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Ampicilin dakuma amoxicillin suna aiki sosai idan akayi amfani dasu ta baka. Kuma za’a iya yin allurar ampicillin ga matsanantan cututtuka.

Dangane da wasu antibiotic, akwai iya zangon da yakamata a cigaba da amfani da su. A cigaba da amfani da magungunan har sai dukkanin alamomin cuta (har da zazzaɓi) sun tafi har tsawon aƙalla kwana 1 ko 2 (sa’o’i 24 zuwa 48). Ga mutanen da suke da cutar Ƙanjamau, a bada maganin iya cikakkun kwanakin da aka ƙayyade.

Haka kuma akwai adadin da za’a bayar. A takaice a bada kaɗan ɗin adadin da aka ƙayyade ga siririn mutum ko me cuta marar tsanani, kuma a bada mafiyawan adadin da aka ambata ga mutum mai ƙifa ko me cuta me tsanani.

BAYANI KAN AMOXICILLIN

Bada mg 45 zuwa 50 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum) a rana, a raba yadda za'a sha sau biyu a rana. Idan baza’a iya auna mutumin ba, to a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru:
Ƙasa da watanni 3: a bada mg 125, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Watanni 3 zuwa shekaru 3: a bada mg 250, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Shekaru 4 zuwa 7: mg 375, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Shekaru 8 zuwa 12: mg 500, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Sama da Shekaru 12: mg 500 zuwa 875, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.

BAYANI KAN AMPICILLIN

Bada mg 50 zuwa 100 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum) a rana, a raba zuwa sha sau 4 a rana. Idan baza’a iya auna mutumin ba, to a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru:
Ƙasa da shekara 1: a bada mg 100, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Shekara 1 zuwa 3: a bada mg 125, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Shekaru 4 zuwa 7: : a bada mg 250, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Shekaru 8 zuwa 12: a bada mg 375, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 500, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.

(ALLURAR) AMPICILLIN
Ana iya yin allurar ampicillin, amma ayi allurar saboda matsanantan cututtuka kawai, ko kuma idan mutum yana amai ko kuma baya iya haɗiyar (abu).

Yi allurar mg 100 zuwa 200 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum) a rana, a raba zuwa sau 4 a rana. Idan baza’a iya auna mutumin ba, to a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru:
Ƙasa da shekara 1: ayi allurar mg 100, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Shekara 1 zuwa 5: ayi allurar mg 300, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: ayi allurar mg 625, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.
Sama da shekaru 12: ayi allurar mg 875, sau 4 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 7.

Amoxicillin haɗi da clavulanic acid
(Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium)

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Amoxicillin haɗi da clavulanic acid yana zuwa da mabanbantan ƙarfi na kowanne ɗaya daga cikin sinadaran da suka ƙunshe shi. Sabodahaka,za’a iya rubuta shi haka 250/125(ma’ana yana ɗauke da mg 250 na amoxicillin dakuma mg 125 na clavulanic acid) ko kuma 500/125, ko 875/125. Saudayawa akan yi bayanin amfani da shi ta la’akari da yawan amoxicillin ɗin da ke cikin maganin kaɗai kamar yadda muka nuna a ƙasa.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

A bayar ta baka tare da abinci ko madara.

Domin cizon dabba

A bada mg 25 zuwa 45 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum), a raba shi zuwa sha sau biyu. Idan bazaka iya auna nauyin mutumin ba, to a bada maganin ta la’akarin da shekaru:
Ƙasa da watanni 3: a bada mg 75, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.
Watanni 3 zuwa shekara 1: a bada mg 100, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.
Shekara 1 zuwa 5: a bada mg 125, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: a bada mg 300, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 600, sau 2 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 3 zuwa 5.

Penicillin na sha, penicillin V, penicillin VK

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Penicillin na sha (maimakon na allura) za’a iya amfani dashi ga sauƙaƙa dakuma matsakaitan matsanantan cututtuka.

Koda an fara amfani da penicillin na allura ga matsananciyar cuta, zaka iya canjawa zuwa penicillin na sha mutumin yana fara samun sauƙi. Idan cigaba bai fara samuwa ba a cikin kwanaki 2 ko 3, to a duba yiwuwar canja wani antibiotic ɗin kuma a nemi shawarar likita.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Domin taimakawa jiki yayi kyakkyawan amfani da maganin, a sha penicilin kafin a ci komai, aƙalla sa’a 1 ko 2 kafin cin abinci.

A bada mg 25 zuwa 50 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum), a raba shi zuwa sha sau uku, har kwanaki 10. Idan bazaka iya auna nauyin mutumin ba, to a bada maganin ta la’akari da shekaru:
Ƙasa da shekar 1: a bada mg 62, sau 4 a rana, har kwanaki 10.
Shekara 1 zuwa 5: a bada mg 125, sau 4 a rana, har kwanaki 10.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: a bada mg 125 zuwa 250, sau 4 a rana, har kwanaki 10.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 250 zuwa 500, sau 4 a rana, har kwanaki 10.

Ga matsanantan cututtuka, a ninka yawan da aka anbata a sama.

Ka raunin da ake ganin zai iya kamuwa da cutar tetanus, bayan an bada penicllin G na kwanaki 2,sai a sauya zuwa penicillin V kamar yawan da aka ambata a sama na ƙarin kwanaki 5 zuwa 8.

Domin cizon dabba, a bada wannan adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Har’ilayau kuma a bada metronidazole ko kuma clindamycin.

Penicillin na allura, penicillin G

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Za’a iya amfani da penicillin na allura ga waɗansu matsanantan cututtuka, wanda suka haɗa da tetanus.

Penicillin na allura yana zuwa a nau’uka mabanbanta. Babban banbancin shi ne iya daɗewar da maganin yake yi a cikin jiki: me-gajeriyar daɗewa, me-matsakaicin daɗewa, ko kuma me-doguwar daɗewa.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
PROCAINE PENICILLIN, PROCAINE BENZYLPENICILIN (me-matsakaicin daɗewa) a yi allurar a jikin tsoka kawai (IM), ba a jijiya ba (IV)

A bada 25,000 zuwa 50,000 unit (U, ko kuma IU) ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum) a yini guda, kada a bada sama da 4,800,000 units. Idan bazaka iya auna nauyin mutumin ba, to a bada maganin ta la’akari da shekaru:
Watanni 2 zuwa shekaru 3: Ayi allurar units 150,000, sau 1 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.
Shekaru 4 zuwa 7: Ayi allurar units 300,000, sau 1 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.
Shekaru 8 zuwa 12: Ayi allurar units 600,000, sau 1 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.
Sama da shekaru 12: Ayi allurar units 600,000 zuwa 4,800,000, sau 1 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.
Kada a bawa jarirai ‘yan ƙasa da watanni 2 har sai idan babu wani nau’in na penicillin ko ampicillin. Idan ita kadɗai ce da kai, to yi allurar units 50,000, sau 1 a rana har tsahon kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.

Ga matsanantan cututtuka na ɗan kowanne shekara, a ninka yawan da ake amfani da shi da aka ambata a sama.

Raunin da zai iya kamuwa da cutar tetanus, a bada yawan maganin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10. Ko kuma bada yawan da aka ambata har tsahon kwanaki 2, sannan a canza zuwa penicillin na sha (penicillin V). Kuma a bada antitetanus antitetanus immunoglobulin.

Cloxacillin

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Cloxacillin shi ma wani nau’i ne na penicillin, kuma wani lokacin za’a iya amfani da shi ga cututtukan da suke gardama ga penicillin, kamar su ƙurajen fata masu fitar da ruwa,dakuma cututtukan ƙashi. Idan baka da cloxacillin, za’a iya amfani da dicloxacillin a maimakon sa.

Illolin (sa)
Jin amai, amai, gudawa, zazzaɓi dakuma ciwon gaɓoɓi.

A lura

• Kada a bayar idan mutum yana da alaji da penicillin.
• Wannan maganin yana rage tasirin magungunan hana daukar ciki. Idan da hali ayi amfani da wata hanyar (kamar kwaroron roba) idan ana amfani da wannan maganin.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Domin mafi yawancin cututtuka

Ga yara ƙanana bada mg 25 zuwa 50 ga (dukkan nauyin) kg, a raba zuwa sha 4 a rana. Ga manya bada mg 50 zuwa 100 ga (dukkan nauyin) kg, a raba zuwa sha 4 a rana. Idan baza’a iya auna nauyin mutumin ba, a bada maganin ta la’akari da shekaru kamar haka:
Ƙasa da shekaru 2: bada mg 75, sau 4 a rana.
Shekaru 2 zuwa 10: bada mg 125, sau hudu a rana.
Sama da shekaru 10: bada mg 250 zuwa 500, sau 4 a rana.

A ninka wannan adadi ga cutukan da sukayi ta’azzara.

Ga raunin wuka ko harbin bindiga, bada adadin da aka ambata har tsawon kwanaki 10 zuwa 14. Idan raunin yana da datti ko kuma a ciki yake, to sai kuma a bada metronidazole.

Ga ƙashin da ya karye ya fito ta cikin fata (buɗaɗɗiyar karaya), bada wannan adadi da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan raunin yayi datti sosai, to sai a kuma a bada metronidazole.

Dicloxacillin

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Dicloxacillin wani nau’i ne na penicillin, kuma wani lokacin za’a iya amfani da shi a kan cututtukan da suka bijirewa penicillin. Idan babu dicloxacillin, za’a iya amfani da cloxacillin maimakon sa.

Illolin (sa)
Jin amai, ciwon ciki, rashin jin ɗanɗano (a baki)

A lura

• Kada a bawa wanda yake samun alaji yayinda yayi amfani da pencillin dicloxacillin. Kada a bawa (jarirai) sababbin haihuwa.
• Wannan maganin zai iya rage tasirin maganin hana ɗaukar ciki. Idan da hali ayi amfani da wata hanyar (kamar kwaroron roba) a lokacin da ake amfani da wannan maganin.
• A daina sha idan an fara yin fitsari mai duhu, bayan gida mai launin taɓo ko kuma shawara (canjin launin fata ko ido zuwa rawaya).

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
A sha shi da cikakken kofi ɗaya na ruwa. A bayar sa’a ɗaya kafin cin abinci, ko kuma sa’o, i 2 bayan cin abinci.

Ga yara masu nauyi ƙasa da kg 40, a bada mg 12.5 zuwa 25 ga duk kg, a sha sau 4 a rana. Idan baza a iya auna mutumin ba to a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru kamar haka:
Ƙasa da hekara 1: a bada mg 20 ta baka sau 4 a rana.
Shekara 1 zuwa 5: a bada mg 30 ta baka sau 4 a rana.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: a bada mg 80 ta baka, sau 4 a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 125 zuwa 250 ta baka, sau 4 a rana.

Ga raunin da ya kamu da cuta, a bada adadin da aka ambata har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan raunin yayi datti sosai, to sai kuma a haɗa da metronidazole.

Ga raunin da ya kamu da cuta, a bada adadin da aka ambata har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan ƙuna ce mai zirfi, ko kuma mutumin yana da zazzaɓi a bada adadin da aka ambata har kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.

Erythromycin

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Erythromycin sau dayawa yana jawo jin amai da gudawa, musamman ma a wurin yara. Kada ayi amfani da shi sama da sati 2 domin zai iya jawo jaundice (cutar shawara).

Illolin (sa)
Erythromycin sau dayawa yana jawo jin amai da gudawa, musamman ma a wurin yara. Kada ayi amfani da shi sama da sati 2 domin zai iya jawa jaundice (cutar shawara).

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

A bada mg 30 zuwa 50 ga duk kg a kowacce rana, a raba sau 2 zuwa 4 a rana. Idan baza’a iya auna mutumin ba to sai a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru kamar haka:
(Jarirai) Sababbin haihuwa: bada mg 62 sau 3 a rana har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Ƙasa da shekaru 3: bada mg 125, sau 3 a rana har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Shekaru 3 zuwa 7: bada mg 250, sau 3 a rana har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Sama da shekaru 8: bada mg 250 zuwa 500, sau 4 a rana har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.

Ga matsanantan cututtuka, ninka yawan maganin da aka ambata.

Tetracycline da kuma Docycycline

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Tetracycline dakuma doxycycline suma antibiotic ne masu fadin aiki, kuma suna yaƙar ƙwoyoyin cutar bacteria da dama. Sun fi aiki idan aka bada su ta baka (kuma suna da matuƙar zafi idan akayi allurarsu, sabodahaka, kada a bada su ta wannan hanyar). (Cututtuka) suna matuƙar bijirewa waɗannan magungunan, sabodahaka ba’a amfani da su kamar yadda akeyi a da,amma har yanzu suna da amfani wajan faɗa da wasu cututtukan.

Za’a iya misayar amfani da doxycline da kuma tetracycline. Amma doxycycline shi ne mafi kyawun zaɓi saboda kaɗan ake bukata a kowacce rana, kuma yana da karacin illoli.

Illolin (sa)
Zafin zuciya, damƙar ciki, gudawa dakuma cutar yeast su suka zama gama-gari.

A lura

• Kada mata masu ciki suyi amfani da wannan maganin, domin zai iya lalata ko disasar da haƙora dakuma ƙasusuwan jaririn. Saboda wannan dalilin kuma, yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 8 zasu yi amfani da shi ne kawai idan babu wani antibiotic ɗin a madadinsa. Kuma suyi amfani da shi zuwa gajeran lokaci. Zaka iya amfani da erythromycin maimakonsa.
• Kada ayi amfani da tetracycline ko doxycline daya tsufa ko kuma wanda ya wuce lokacin da ya kamata ayi amfani da shi.
• Waɗansu mutanen sukan sami ƙurajen fata ko kuma su sami ƙunar rana nan-da-nan bayan sun ɗauke lokaci a rana alhali suna amfani da waɗannan magungunan, sabodahaka, kada a shiga rana ko kuma a saka malafa babba.
• Wannan maganin zai iya rage tasirin maganin hana ɗaukar ciki. Idan da hali ayi amfani da wata hanyar (kamar kwaroron ruba) a lokacin da ake amfani da wannan maganin.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
TETRACYCLINE
A guji (amfani da) madara, ƙwayoyin magani na iron da kuma antiacids har sa’o’i 2 kafin ko kuma bayan an sha tetracycline. Zasu rage tasirin maganin.

A sha tetracycline kafin a ci komai,a kalla sa’a 1 kafin ko sa’o’i 2 bayan cin abinci.

Ga mafi yawan cututtuka

Bada mg 25 zuwa 50 na duk kg ko wacce rana, a raba zuwa sha 4 a rana. Idan baza a iya auna nauyin mutumin ba to a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru kamar haka:
Shekaru 8 zuwa 12: a bada mg 125, sau 4 a rana har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 250 zuwa 500, sau 4 a rana har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.

DOXYCYCLINE
Ana shan doxycycline sau biyu a rana (maimakon sau 4 a rana kamar tetracycline).

A guje (amfani da) madara, ƙwayoyin magani na iron da kuma antiacids har sa’o’i 2 kafin ko kuma bayan an sha tetracycline. Zasu rage tasirin maganin.

A sha tetracycline kafin a ci komai, aƙalla sa’a 1 kafin ko sa’o’i 2 bayan cin abinci.

Ga mafi yawan cututtuka

Bada mg 2 ga duk kg (na nauyi) a kowanne sha daya, amma kada a bada sama da mg 100 a lokaci daya ko kuma mg 200 a rana. A bayar sau daya ko biyu a rana. Ko kuma a bayar gwargwadon shekaru kamar haka:
Shekaru 8 zuwa 12: bada mg 50 sau biyu a rana, har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.
Sama da shekaru 12: bada mg 100 sau biyu a rana, har kwanaki 7 zuwa 10.

Domin cizon dabbobi, bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Haka kuma a bada metronidazole ko clindamycin.

Cotrimoxazole, sulfamethoxazole tare da trimethoprim, TMP-SMX

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Wannan haɗi na antibiotics guda 2, bashi da tsada kuma yana iya yaƙar cututtuka da dama. Magani ne mai mahimmanci ga mutane masu ɗauke da cutar HIV, k uma zai iya kare dayawa daga cikin cututtukan dake samuwa saboda kamuwa da HIV (ana kan aikinsa).

A lura
A guji bada cotrimoxazole ga jarirai ‘yan ƙasa da sati 6, dakuma matan da suke cikin watanni 3 na ƙarshen ciki. Ana yawan samun alaji ga wannan maganin. Alamomin alajin sune, zazzaɓi, wahalar numfashi, ko kuma ƙurji. A daina bada cotrimoxazole idan mutum ya fara ƙuraje ko kuma kana tunanin yana da alaji.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Cotrimoxazole yana zuwa a ƙarfi daban-daban na kowanne ɗaya daga cikin maganin da yake ƙunshe da shi. Sabodahaka, za’a iya samun 200/40 (wannan na nufin mg 200 na sulfamethoxazole da kuma mg 40 na trimethoprim) ko kuma 400/80 ko kuma 800/160. Adadin wani lokacin ana bayyana shi ne ta la’akari da yawan trimethoprim (wato lambar ta biyu).

Ga mafi yawan cututtuka

Sati 6 zuwa watanni 5: bada sulfamethoxazole mg 100 + trimethoprim mg 20, sau 2 a rana, har kwanaki 5.
Watanni 6 zuwa shekara 5: bada sulfamethoxazole mg 200 + trimethoprim mg 40, sau 2 a rana, har kwanaki 5.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: bada sulfamethoxazole mg 400 + trimethoprim mg 80, sau 2 a rana, har kwanaki 5.
Sama da shekaru 12: bada sulfamethoxazole mg 800 + trimethoprim mg 160, sau 2 a rana, har kwanaki 5.

Domin cizon dabbobi, bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Haka kuma a bada metronidazole ko clindamycin.

Clindamycin

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Clindamycin wani antibiotic ne dake maganin cututtukan da bacteria ke kawowa masu yawa. Ana amfani da shi musamman a wurin magance cututtukan da suka gagari penicillin, kamar cututtukan fata da kuma maruru.

A lura
Idan ka fara gudawa mai ruwa-ruwa ko kuma jini-jini a lokacin da kake shan clindamycin, to ka daina shansa nan take. Wannan zai iya zama alamar cuta mai matuƙar hatsari wanda antibiotic ke jawowa. Saboda maganin zai iya shiga cikin nono ya cutar da jariri, a guji bada shi ga mace me shayarwa.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

Bada clindamycin ta baka.
Ƙasa da shekaru 3: bada mg 37. 5 zuwa 75, sau 3 a rana.
Shekaru 3 zuwa 7: bada mg 75 zuwa 150, sau 3 a rana.
Shekaru 8 zuwa 12: bada mg 150 zuwa 300, sau 3 a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: bada mg 150 zuwa 450, sau 3 a rana.

Domin cizon dabbobi, bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Haka kuma a bada wani maganin kamar doxycycline, cotrimoxazole KO penicillin V.

Ga raunin daya kamu da cuta, bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7.

Ga ƙunan da ya kamu da cuta, bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan kuna me zurfi ce ko kuma mutumin yana zazzaɓi, to a bada adadin dake sama har kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.

Ga ƙashin da ya karye ya fito ta cikin fata (buɗaɗɗiyar karaya), a bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan raunin yayi datti sosai, sai a ƙara da ciprofloxacin.

Ga raunin wuƙa ko na harbin bindiga, a bada adadin da aka ambata har kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.

Metronidazole

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Metronidazole ba shi da tsada kuma shi a karan-kansa yana da taimako, ko kuma a haɗa shi da wani antibiotics ɗin, idan ba a san abinda ya jawo cuta ba, kuma ana ƙoƙarin warkarda cututtuka waɗanda ƙwayoyin cutar bacteria daban-daban ke kawowa.

Illolin (sa)
Jin amai, damƙar ciki dakuma gudawa sune gamagarin (illolin sa). Han sa da abinci zai iya taimakawa (wajan rage illar). Wani lokacin yakan samar da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi a baki ko kuma ciwon kai.

A lura
Kada a bayar a watanni uku na farkon juna-biyu domin zai iya haifar da nakasar haihuwa. Haka kuma a guji bada metronidazole bayan ciki ya tsufa da kuma lokacin da ake shayarwa, sai dai idan ya kasance shi kaɗai ne maganin da zayyi tasiri kuma tabbas ana da buƙatarsa. Kada asha giya a lokacin da ake shan metronidazole sai dai bayan kawanki 2 da shanta. Shan giya lokacin da ake shan metronidazole yana haifar da jin amai mai tsanani. Kada kayi amfani da metronidazole idan kana da matsalolin hanta.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

A bada mg 30 ka dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum), a raba zuwa sha 4 a rana. Idan baza a iya auna nauyin mutumin ba, a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru, kamar haka:
Ƙasa da shekara 1: a bada mg 37, sau 4 a rana.
Shekaru 1 zuwa 5: a bada mg 75, sau 4 a rana.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: a bada mg 150, sau 4 a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 500, sau 3 zuwa 4 a rana. Kada a bayar da sama da sha 4 a cikin sa’o’i 24.

Ga raunin da ya kamu da cuta, a bayar da adadin maganin da aka ambata a sama har tsahon kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Har’ilayau kuma a bada dicloxacillin KO cephalexin.

Ga raunin da ake kyautata zaton kamuwa da cutar tetanus, a bada adadin maganin da aka ambata a sama har tsahon kwanaki 7 zuwa 10. Har’ilayau kuma a bada antitetanus immunoglobulin.

Domin cizon dabba kuma, a bada adadin maganin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 3 zuwa 5. Har’ilayau kuma, a bada wani maganin kamar doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, KO penicillin V .

Ga karayar da ƙashi ya fito ta cikin fata kuma (buɗaɗɗiyar karaya), a bada gwajin maganin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Har’ilyau kuma, a bada ceftriaxone, cephalexin KO cloxacillin.

Ciprofloxacin

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Ciprofloxacin shima nau’in antibiotic ne me faɗin aiki wanda ke cikin dangin quinolone. Yana yaƙar cututtuka daban-daban irin na fata, ƙasusuwa, hanyar abinci, dakuma hanyar fitsari (mafitsara dakuma ƙodoji). Amma akwai tirjiyar (waraka) ga ciprofloxacin a sassa dayawa na duniya, sabodahaka, ayi amfani da shi akan cututtukan da aka yarda ayi amfani da shi a wurin ku. Ba antibiotic bane mai kyau ga yara.

Illolin (sa)
Jin amai, gudawa, yin amai, ciwon kai, jiri, ƙuraje, ko kuma cutar yeast.

A lura

• Kada kiyi amfani da shi idan kina da juna-biyu ko kuma shayarwa. Kada asha shi da ababen sha dangin nono kamar madara ko man-shanu.
• A ƙarancin lokuta yakan lalata jijiyoyi. Idan ba a waɗansu keɓantattun lokuta ba kada a bawa yara ƙasa da shekaru 16 domin jijiyoyinsu suna cigaba da bunƙasa (a wannan lokacin) idan kana jin raɗaɗi a sharaɓarka idan kasha maganin, to ka daina shan sa nan take.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Domin cututtuka da dama

A bada mg 250 zuwa 750, sau biyu a rana har sai alamomin cutar sun ɓace da sa’o’i 24.

Domin cutar sepsis, a bada adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 2 zuwa 3 bayan ɓacewar alamomin cutar. Har’ilayau kuma a bada clindamycin.

Ga karayar da ƙashi ya fito ta cikin fata kuma (buɗaɗɗiyar karaya), a bada adadin maganin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Har’ilyau kuma, a bada cloxacillin.clindamycin.

Ga ƙunan da ya kamu da cuta, a bada gwajin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan ƙuna mai zurfi ce,k o kuma mutumin yana jin zazzaɓi, a bada wannan adadin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.

Ceftriaxone

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Ceftriaxone yana cikin antibiotic dangin cephalosporin. Cephalosprins antibiotic ne da suke yaƙar nau’in bacteria daban-daban. Sau dayawa suna da tsada kuma ba kasafai akan same su ba. Amma kuma kusan dukkaninsu hatsarinsu da illarsu kaɗan ce idan an danganta su da sauran antibiotics, kuma ana iya amfani da su wurin magance waɗansu daga cikin cututtuka masu tsanani.

Ana amfani da ceftriaxone domin magance cututtuka masu tsanani dakuma cututtukan da suke gardama ga penicillin. Kayi amfani da ceftraxone wajen magannin cututtukan da aka sahihance a wurin ku. Wannan zai taimaka wajan kare gardama kuma ya cigaba da tabbatar da amfanin wannan maganin.

Ceftriaxone yana da amfani na musamman ga cutar sanyin gonorrhea,wanda ya hada da cutar gonorrhea dake kama idanuwan (jarirai) sabuwar haihuwa,amma banda haka kada a bawa jarirai sabuwar haihuwa ‘yan kasa da sati 1. Kuma a guje shi ga jarirai ‘yan kasa da wata 1.

A lura
Kada a bada wannan maganin ga wanda yake da cutar allergy na antibiotics nau’in cephalosporin.

Kada a bawa jariri dan ƙasa da sati 1. Kada ayi amfani da shi idan akwai cutar shawara ta jaundice.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Zai iya zafi idan akayi allurarsa. A gauraya shi da 1% na lidocaine idan kasan yadda akeyi.

Ba a shan ceftriaxone. Idan za’a yi allurarsa a suka allurar can cikin tsoka. A bada mg 50 zuwa 100 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum) a kowacce rana, a raba sau biyu a rana. Idan ba za a iya auna nauyin mutumin ba, a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru:
Ƙasa da watanni 3: Ayi allurar mg 150, sau biyu a rana.
Watanni 3 zuwa shekara 1: Ayi allurar mg 250, sau biyu a rana.
Shekaru 2 zuwa 4: Ayi allurar mg 400, sau biyu a rana.
Shekaru 5 zuwa 12: Ayi allurar mg 625, sau biyu a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: Ayi allurar gram 1 zuwa 2, sau daya a rana. Kada a bada sama da gram 4 a cikin sa’o’i 24.

Ga karayar da kashi ya fito ta cikin fata (buɗaɗɗiyar karaya), a bada gwajin maganin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan raunin yana da datti, sai a bada metronidazole.

Domin cutar sepsis, a bada gwajin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 2 zuwa 3 bayan gushewar alamomin cutar. Idan raunin yana da datti, ko kuma babu cigaba har bayan sa’o’i 24 da fara amfani da ceftriaxone, to sai kuma a bada metronidazole.

Cephalexin

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Cephalexin yana cikin antibiotic dangin cephalosporin. Cephalosprins antibiotic ne masu ƙarfi da suke yaƙar nau’in bacteria daban-daban. Saudayawa suna da tsada kuma ba kasafai akan same su ba. Amma kuma kusan dukkaninsu hatsarinsu da illarsu kaɗan ne idan an danganta su da sauran antibiotics, kuma ana iya amfani da su wurin magance wadansu daga cikin cututtuka masu tsanani.

Illolin (sa)
Gudawa mai ruwa-ruwa ko jini-jini, zazzaɓi, ƙurajen maƙoshi, ciwon kai, ƙuraje masu sa fata ja tare da ɗurar ruwa ko saɓa,fitsari mai duhun launi, ruɗewa ko kasala.

A lura
Kada a bada wannan maganin ga wanda yake da alaji ga sauran antibiotic nau’in cephalosporin.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

A bada mg 50 ga dukkan kg (na nauyin mutum), a raba sha 4 a rana. Kada a bada sama da mg 4000 a cikin sa’o’i 24. Idan baza a iya auna mutumin ba a bayar ta la’akari da shekaru:
Ƙasa da watanni 6: a bada mg 100, sau 4 a rana.
Watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 2: a bada mg 125, sau 4 a rana.
Shekaru 3 zuwa 5: a bada mg 250, sau 4 a rana.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: a bada mg 375, sau 4 a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 500, sau 4 a rana.

Ga raunin da yakamu da cuta, a bayar da gwajin maganin da aka ambata a sama har tsahon kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan raunin yana da datti sosai, sai kuma a bada metronidazole.

Ga ƙunan da ya kamu da cuta, a bada gwajin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan ƙunar mai zurfi ce, ko kuma mutumin yana jin zazzaɓi, a bada wannan gwajin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.

Ga karayar da kashi ya fito ta cikin fata (buɗaɗɗiyar karaya), a bada gwajin maganin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 5 zuwa 7. Idan raunin yana da datti, sai kuma a bada metronidazole.

Domin raunin wuƙa ko harbin bindiga, a bada gwajin da aka ambata a sama har kwanaki 10 zuwa 14. Idan raunin yayi datti ko kuma raunin a ciki yake, sai kuma a bada metronidazole.

Gentamicin

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Gentamicin antibiotic ne mai matuƙar ƙarfi dake cikin dangin aminoglycoside. Ana iya bada shi ne ta allurer (tsoka) ko kuma allurar jijiya kaɗai. Wannan maganin ka iya lalata ƙodoji da kuma ji, sabodahaka, a bada shi a cikin (halin) gaggawa kaɗai.

A lura
Dole ne a bada gentamicin gwargwadon adadin da aka ƙayyade. Bada shi yayi yawa zai iya lalata ƙoda ko kuma kurumta me ɗorewa. Mafi kyawun bada adadin gwajin sa shi ne ta amfani da nauyin (mutum). Kuma kada a bada gentamicin sama da kwanaki 10.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Ayi allurar sa ta cikin tsoka ko jijiya.

Domin (maganin) cutar sepsis

Watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 12: Ayi allurar mg 2. 5 ga kowanne kg (na nauyin mutum), sau 3 a rana.
Samada shekaru 12: Ayi allurar mg 1 zuwa 1. 7 ga kowanne kg (na nauyin mutum), sau 3 a rana.

This page was updated:05 Jan 2024