Magungunan alaji ko ƙaiƙayi

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Taimakon farko

 

Taimakon farko

• Antibiotics
• Magungunan kariyar cutar tetanus
• Magungunan cizon dabbobi
• Magungunan ƙuna
• Magungunan alaji ko ƙaiƙayi: antihistamines
• Magungunan ciwon zuciya
• Magungunan guba
• Magungunan radadi (ko zogi)
• Magungunan kashe wuri
• Magungunan hana damuwa

Ƙaiƙayi, tishawa, dakuma ƙuraje waɗanda alaji kan iya haifarwa ana iya maganinsu da antihistamines. Kowanne irin antihistamine zai iya aiki sosai. Sabodahaka, idan baka da chlorpheniramine ko diphenhydramine, to yi amfani da wani antihistamine ɗin gwargwadon adadin da ake buƙata (wannan ya banbanta tsakanin kowanne magani). Duk antihistamines suna sa mutane jiri, amma wasu sunfi wasu.

Waɗannan magungunan basa taimakawa akan mura.

A guji antihistamine a lokacin da ake da juna-biyu. Idan ya zamo dole, to a zabi ajin farko na antihistamine kamar chlorpheniramine ko diphenhydramine, kuma a bayar da ruwa mai yawa.

Domin alaji mai tsanani wanda ya jawo wahalar numfashi, ana da buƙatar epinephrine (adrenaline) dakuma antihistamines.

Chlorpheniramine, chlorphenamine

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Chlorpheniramine antihistamine ne wanda yake rage ƙaiƙayi, atishawa, ƙuraje dakuma sauran matsalolin da alaji ke jawowa. Ana iya amfani dashi bayan cizon ƙwaro, dan alaji wanda abinci ko magani ke kawowa ko kuma “zazzaben hay” (yin atishawa dakuma ƙaiƙayi saboda garin furen (pollen grain) da ke cikin iska.)

Illolin (sa)
Rashin bacci (amma wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba a sauran antihistamines).

A lura

Kada a bawa mata masu juna-biyu sai dai idan ya zama dole. Kada a bayar lokacin da ciwon athma ya tashi.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

Shekara 1 zuwa 2: a bada mg 1, sau 2 a rana har sai yaron ya sami sauƙi.
Shekaru 3 zuwa 5: a bada mg 1, duk bayan sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6 har sai yaron ya sami sauƙi.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 12: a bada mg 2, duk sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6 har sai mutumin yaji sauƙi.
Sama da shekaru 12: A bada mg 4, duk bayan sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6 har sai mutumin yaji sauƙi.

Domin matsanancin alaji
Da farko ayi allurar epinephrine. Sannan abi bayanta da bada chlorpheniramine ta baka gwargwadon da aka anbata, domin ya taimaka wajan hana dawowar alajin,idan ƙarfin epinephrine ya ƙare.

Diphenhydramine

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Diphenhydramine antihistamine ne wanda yake rage ƙaiƙayi, atishawa, ƙuraje dakuma sauran matsalolin da alaji ke kawowa. Ana iya amfani dashi bayan cizon ƙwaro, dan alaji wanda abinci ko magani ke kawowa ko kuma “zazzaben hay” (yin atishawa dakuma ƙaiƙayi saboda garin furen (pollen grain) da ke cikin iska.)

Illolin (sa)
Rashin bacci.

A lura

• Diphenhydramine zai iya haifar da jiri, jin bacci ko gani gara-gara. Kada ayi tuƙi ko aiki da inji idan ana amfani da wannan maganin. Shan giya zai iya ƙara jin baccin wanda diphenhydramine ya jawo.
• Kada a bawa jarirai sabuwar haihuwa ko kuma mata masu shayarwa. Kuma yana da kyau kada a bawa mata masu juna biyu diphenhydramine har sai ya zama dole.
• Kada a bayar a lokacin da ciwon asma ya tashi.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

Adadi daya ake bayarwa na diphenhydramine ta baka ko ta allura.
Shekaru 2 zuwa 5: a bada mg 6 duk bayan sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6. Kada a bada sama da mg 37 a rana.
Shekaru 6 zuwa 11: a bada mg 12 zuwa 25 duk bayan sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6. Kada a bada sama da mg 150 a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: a bada mg 25 zuwa 50 duk bayan sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6. Kada a bada sama da mg 400 a rana.

Domin matsanancin alaji

Da farko ayi allurar epinephrine. Sanan a bita da diphenhydramine gwargwadon yadda aka ambata a baya wannan zai hana alajin dawowa idan ƙarfin epinephrine ya ƙare.
Shekaru 2 zuwa 11: bada mg 1 zuwa 2 ga duk kg (daya na nauyin mutum) duk bayan sa’o’i 6. Idan bazaka iya auna nauyin yaron ba, ayi amfani da adadi gwargwadon shekaru wanda aka ambata a sama, kuma a bada adadin dayafi yawa. Kada a bada sama da mg 50 a lokaci daya, ko kuma mg 300 a rana.
Sama da shekaru 12: bada mg 25 zuwa 50, duk bayan sa’o’i 2 zuwa 4. Kada ka bada sama da mg 100 a cikin sa’o’i 4 ko mg 400 a rana.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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Ana amfani da epinephrine ne domin matsanancin ciwon alaji (wanda ake kira da anaphylaxis) ga magunguna, nau’ukan abinci, cizo ko harbin ƙwari, ko kuma waɗansu abubuwan dake kawo matsanancin alaji. Yakan taimaka wajan dakatar da matsala, kamar wahalar yin numfashi, fitar da sauti yayin numfashi, matsanancin ƙaiƙayin fata, dakuma borin jini.

Illolin (sa)
Tsoro, rashin nutsuwa, tashin hankali, ciwon kai, jiri, ƙaruwar bugun zuciya.

A lura
Epinephrine sau dayawa yana zuwa ruwa-ruwa a ma’auni mg1 a duk ml 1. Kuma ana samun sa a ɗure cikin allurai masu sarrafa kansu, amma wanann yana zuwa a awo daban-daban. Ka tabbata ka karanta domin sanin adadin epinephrine ɗin dake cikin allurar taka mai sarrafa kanta domin ka tabbatar da an baka adadin daya dace.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)
Domin matsanancin alaji

Yi allurar cikin tsokar dake wajan tsakiyar cinya.
Shekara 1 zuwa 6: yi allurar ¼ na mg 1 (0. 25 mg).
Shekaru 7 zuwa 12: yi allurar ⅓ na mg 1 (0. 33mg).
Sama da shekaru 12: yi allurar ½ na mg 1 (0. 5mg).

Idan ana da bukata za a iya yin allurar ta biyu bayan rabin sa’a kuma allura ta uku itama bayan rabin sa’a da yin ta biyu. Kada ayi sama da sau 3.

Bayan anyi allurar epinephrine, a bada antihistamine kamar chlorpheniramine ko diphenhydramine. Wanan zai taimaka wurin hana dawowar alajin idan ƙarfin epinephrine ɗin ya ƙare.

Salbutamol (albuterol)

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Salbutamol yana sakar da tsokokin da suke kan hanyar iska domin ƙara gudanar iska zuwa huhuna. Ana amfani dashi wurin maganin fitar sauti yayin numfashi, ko kuma rashin samun cikakken numfashi saboda asma ko kuma shaƙar hayaƙi mai yawa daga wuta.

Illolin (sa)
Karkarwa, rashin nutsuwa, jiri, bugun zuciya da sauri, dakuma ciwon kai.

Yadda ake amfani (da shi)

A matsa abar shakar sau 2 (wato adadin microgram 200) duk bayan sa’o’i 4 zuwa 6 gwargwadon buƙata. Ayi amfani da spacer domin tasiri mai kyau.

Babu laifi idan an bada sama da adadin da aka anbata idan mutum yana ganin yana da buƙatar hakan.

This page was updated:05 Jan 2024